Dynamic Changes and Driving Forces of Alpine Wetlands on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Based on Long-Term Time Series Satellite Data: A Case Study in the Gansu Maqu Wetlands

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), also known as the Third Pole of Earth, is sensitive to climate change, and it has become a hotspot area for research. As typical natural ecosystem on QTP, alpine wetlands are particularly change. identification different types wetland analysis changes in their distributions areas most direct indicators characterizing impact change wetlands. To understand dynamic process QTP responses Maqu wetlands, located at source Three Rivers eastern part was taken an example; Google Earth Engine (GEE) remote sensing cloud platform long-term dense Landsat time series data from 1990 2020 were used map annual classification analyze evolution characteristics driving forces. results revealed that (1) based data, can be effectively distinguished, including swamp, swamp meadow, wet meadow. (2) From 2020, exhibited overall fluctuating decrease, with total decreasing by about 23.35%, among which decreased (by 27.15%). type dry. All concentrated between 3400 3600 m above sea level, reduction slopes < 3°, greatest loss occurring shady slopes. (3) forces predominantly temperature precipitation, correlation growing season temperature. this study provide valuable information conservation